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Joint Replacement Using New Alloys
Used with permmission of AddUp/Anatomical Implants

Heads, Shoulders, Knees and Toes! Who knew when this children's song was documented as early as 1912 that it could describe the world of many of us in the 21st century?  YouTube video

Many of us know friends and family members who have had body parts replaced with new alloys, many of which are featured in the CINDAS LLC AHAD (Aerospace and High Performance Alloys Database).

The following table shows the need for joint replacements currently and in the future.

Table 1. Locations of various human body fractures that demand different temporary fixation implants.

  Source: Biomaterials as Implants in the Orthopedic Field for Regenerative Medicine: Metal versus Synthetic Polymers. Polymers 2023, 15, 2601. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15122601   https://www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers

And this table shows which alloys are currently being used in implanted devices currently. Of those shown the CINDAS AHAD and ASMD contain Stainless Steel 316, Stellite 21 and Ti-6Al-4V; the latter also has a specific chapter on the additively manufactured alloy.

Table 2. Diverse types of bio-metal materials employed in orthopedic implants with their applications, advantages, and disadvantages.

  Source: Biomaterials as Implants in the Orthopedic Field for Regenerative Medicine: Metal versus Synthetic Polymers. Polymers 2023, 15, 2601. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15122601   https://www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers

Take for example the shoulder shown in the two images - before and after reverse shoulder replacement surgery in October 2023. Note the slippage of the head of the humerus out of the joint.

The alloy used was Co-28Cr-6Mo, commonly known as Stellite 21. Other alloys commonly used are those of stainless steel, and titanium.

AddUp Inc., headquartered in Cébazat, France, and Anatomic Implants, a medical device startup based in Washington DC, USA, are working together to submit an US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k) application for what has been referred to as the world's first additively manufactured titanium toe joint (metatarsophalangeal or MTP) replacement. It is made from Ti-6Al-4V ELI with a titanium nitride coating and an Ultra-high- molecular-weight-polyethylene bearing (UHMWPE).

The MTP toe joint is located at the base of the big toe and is one of the three main points used for balance. It is often the first joint in the foot to develop osteoarthritis. With the global market for the first MTP joint reconstruction being over $500 million annually, the market is said to be underserved with very few products, none of which are anatomic or have the potential to support bone-in growth as well as the Anatomic Great Toe Joint. The use of Additive Manufacturing allows for a porous structure to be integrated into the design to promote osseointegration, thereby giving the implants a much higher chance of bonding to the bone, reducing the chances of the implant being rejected by the body. This leads to better patient outcomes after surgery.

Source and to learn more:   addupsolutions.com

Does your company have any innovations that use any of the alloys found in our databases that you'd like to share with our readers?

Or do you have an authored presentation, article, or paper that you'd like us to highlight?

Or a testimonial of how our databases have positively influenced your work?

If so, please submit the form found on our website under the Contact tab, using the type of inquiry "Comment about a Product".

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June 2024 - TPMD - Update to TPMD

Version 15 of the Thermophysical Properties of Matter Database is now live on our webpage. This update adds 105 new materials to the database encompassing 56 properties. There were 426 new data sets in the update, with 964 new curves. The materials range from polymer matrix and nano particle composites to nickel and cobalt alloys. 

April 2024 - ASMD/HPAD/AHAD - Haynes 282 Updated Chapter

The chapter on Haynes 282 alloy has recently been revised.  Haynes 282 is a wrought superalloy which is strengthened via gamma-prime precipitation.  It was developed for high temperature structural applications such as aerospace and land-based turbine engines.  It is distinguished by its combination of creep strength, thermal stability, weldability, and fabricability.  Its creep strength excels in the range of 1200-1700 F.  Because its strength has been attained at relatively low volume fraction of gamma-prime phase, it exhibits outstanding resistance to strain-aged cracking as well.

Haynes 282 is applied in the combustors, turbine and exhaust sections as well as nozzle components of gas turbines.  It also finds applications in various power generation and automotive turbocharger components and other critical structures.  Product forms include sheet and plate as well as rings and closed-die forgings. 

March 2024 - MCMD - Update to MCMD

We have recently released Version 2 of the Microelectronic and Composite Materials Database (MCMD). This addition includes 43 new materials in 9 different property groups. There are 115 different properties included in the 311 datasets and 868 curves. Among the materials included are many varieties of carbon fiber nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene-epoxy composites, and metal matrix composites as well as many 3D printed materials, including AM Ti-6Al4V. Please look at the Table of Contents to see the vast array of materials and properties included in the MCMD.

December 2023 - ASMD/HPAD/AHAD - Update to Inconel 617

Inconel 617 is a Ni-Cr-Co-Mo alloy that possesses a combination of high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance. It is both weldable and is readily formable through conventional techniques.  IN-617 attains its properties through solid solution strengthening.

IN-617 is approved for pressure vessels in nuclear reactors. It can now be used in the design and construction of the next generation of nuclear reactors including molten salt, high-temperature, gas-cooled and sodium reactors. 

The alloy is applicable in high-temperature reactors because it resists corrosion and remains dimensionally stable over time at temperatures more than twice the temperatures seen in light water reactors. The nickel, chromium, cobalt and molybdenum alloy can be used in reactors that operate up to 950oC. The developmental and testing project (funded by the Department of Energy) took over twelve years at the Idaho National Lab, followed by the approval process which took over three years, with approval finally given in 2019.

In addition to the importance of future nuclear reactor design, IN-617 can be used in natural gas power plants and other high-temperature applications.

To see all the updates to our databases, click here: https://cindasdata.com/products/updates

The alloy sheets have recently been updated. Here are the links to them on our website:

Aerospace Structural Metals Database (ASMD)

High Performance Alloys Database (HPAD)

Aerospace and High Performance Alloys Database (AHAD)

Authors have been contracted and are working on these chapters for later in 2024 and beyond:

SCF 19 - an austenitic, N-strengthened stainless steel with 5% Mo for improved stress-corrosion-cracking performance; it is applied in harsh oil and gas drilling environments.

Haynes 244 - a low thermal expansion Ni-Mo-Cr-W alloy designed for static applications up to 1400°F; it provides a higher maximum use temperature than other low thermal expansion alloys.

C17200 - a beryllium-copper alloy used in aerospace, oil and gas, and many other applications; it exhibits good machinability, high static and fatigue strength.

Ti-6Al-4V (Revision) - a versatile alpha-beta titanium alloy widely used in aerospace and biomedical applications; it combines excellent corrosion resistance, low density, and biocompatibility.

IN-718 (Revision) - the "workhorse" superalloy used widely across numerous industries and known for its high temperature strength, creep resistance, toughness and weldability.

Ferrium M54 (Revision) - an ultra-high-strength steel for aerospace structural applications.

IN-740H - a nickel-based, precipitation-hardenable superalloy offering a unique combination of high strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures, as well as resistance to coal ash corrosion and other high temperature corrosion.

Haynes 233 - a Ni-Co-Cr-Mo-Al alloy offering superior oxidation resistance up to 2100 F, coupled with excellent creep strength.

Teresa Gildemeister has recently joined our staff as an account manager. As such she will be working with new clients, introducing them to CINDAS products and continue to train and retrain current subscribers. 

Teresa Gildemeister comes to us with 30 years' experience in Operations and Technology and a comprehensive understanding of business dynamics.  Her progressive responsibilities building on an Industrial Engineering degree from South Dakota Mines have garnered opportunities in recruiting, manufacturing, program management, security and life safety, S&OP; management, customer service/plant liaison, and ultimately operations management of an aerospace extrusion facility. Teresa's passion for customer satisfaction and commitment to driving process improvement has been critical in fostering strong customer relationships.

Beyond her professional pursuits, Teresa channels her energy into building and renovating houses, weightlifting, and enjoying the outdoors with her family.  

Her contact information is below:

Office Phone: 765.807.6052
Email: teresa@cindasdata.com
Account Manager
CINDAS LLC
The Convergence Center
101 Foundry Drive, Suite 4700
West Lafayette, IN 47906-3445

MARCH 15, 2024 -- WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. -- A team at the Purdue Applied Research Institute (PARI), the university's research and development center, is using state-of-the-art additive-manufacturing equipment to print a full-scale, fully operational prototype of a supersonic combustion ramjet, or scramjet, an engine that allows aircraft to travel at speeds of Mach 5 and beyond.

Researchers in PARI's Hypersonics Advanced Manufacturing Technology Center (HAMTC) believe this innovative scramjet design paves the way for more affordable and expedient prototyping and manufacturing processes across the hypersonics industry.

"There's no other university-affiliated institution with the capability to manufacture and then test hypersonic technologies at flight-relevant scales and conditions," said graduate research assistant Will DeVerter, who created the full-scale scramjet prototype with senior test engineer Nick Strahan. "Once we have a part or system ready to go, I can walk it across the street and test it using some of the best propulsion and diagnostic technology in the world. That?s a unique capability that streamlines the entire manufacturing and testing process." 

Read more here

Six different titanium alloys are contained in the F-22 Raptor airframe, in both cast and wrought forms. Each alloy is chosen for its particular properties suite, usually with some dominant characteristic dictating the particular product form, alloy composition, and heat treatment.

The F-22 air superiority fighter utilizes more titanium than any other United States Air Force aircraft, over 9000 lb, or approximately 42% by weight. Stringent F-22 performance requirements led to the extensive application of titanium alloys. For example, high cyclic loads under harsh environmental conditions require the airframe and critical systems to have outstanding resistance to fatigue, high temperatures, and environmental effects. Titanium alloys offer the best combination of properties to meet these requirements.

The F-22 product mix consists of cast and wrought versions of six different alloys and multiple heat treatments. The titanium alloys on the F-22 include:

* Ti-6A1-4V (Ti-6-4), standard cast and wrought, and ELI wrought grades

* Ti-6A1-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr-2Mo-0.2Si (Ti-6-22-22)

* Ti-6A1-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.lSi (Ti-6242)

* Ti-10V-2Fe-3A1 (Ti-10-2-3)

* Ti-15V-3Cr-35n-3A1 (Ti-15-3)

* Ti-3A1-2.5V (Ti-3-2.5)

[Note that all of these titanium alloys are found in the CINDAS LLC databases.]

Read more here
Used with permission of one of the authors, Henry R. Phelps.

Under our link (LEARN) on our webpage: https://cindasdata.com/learn, you can find everything you need to know about how to use the CINDAS LLC databases and on-line handbooks.

In addition, check out this PowerPoint presentatation on our databases:
https://cindasdata.com/learn/docs/CINDAS_databases_whats_in_them_for_me_inclusive.pdf

REQUESTS FOR TRAINING

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